| The Janiculum Garibaldi Trail |
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This walk starts outside
the apartment where Garibaldi stayed during the defence of the Roman Republic
in the summer of 1849. The Janiculum Hill was the main focus of the fighting
as the republican forces, with support from Trastevere, resisted the French
attacks. The ascent passes S. Pietro in Montorio, the Tempietto of Bramante
and the memorial dedicated to those who died in the Risorgimento struggle
in 1849-1870. The Porta San Pancrazio was the main target of the French:
beyond it is the 7m high statue of Garibaldi. There are also some 80 busts
of Risorgimento heroes and a statue of Anita Garibaldi. Dramatic evidence
of the defence of 1849 includes cannon balls still embedded in the walls
near the Villa Pamphili. In the park are various memorials to those involved
in the battle, including one dedicated to the French.
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| The Ghetto to the Fosse Ardeatina |
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The Jewish community in Rome
dates back to the 1st century BC; segregation in the Ghetto first occurred
in the mid-16th century during the Counter Reformation and restrictions
on Jews were finally lifted in 1870. The early part of the walk is a search
for evidence of the Jewish community. The eventual destination is the Ardeatine
Caves, site of the murder by the German SS of 335 Italian citizens, including
70 Jews, in reprisal against Partisans on the 24th March 1944. This route
also includes the Theatre of Marcellus, the Mouth of Truth, the Arch of
Janus, the Circus Maximus, and S. Sabina, ‘the most beautiful church
in Rome’, on the Aventine Hill. On the Little Aventine is S. Saba,
followed by the Aurelian Wall, the Appia Antica and the Quo Vadis chapel.
The Via Ardeatina leads to the Memorial to the martyrs of 1944.
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